From Kabul to Kyiv: Strengthening Deterrence Amid Questions About American Resolve

*Note: This essay was originally published on the Modern War Institute’s Commentary & Analysis site. Deterrence smells like tank exhaust and feels like an earthquake. Hundreds of armored vehicles rumbled over streets, thousands of troops marched in formation, and dozens of planes flew overhead as Ukrainians cheered during their Independence Day parade on August 24. Kyiv’s main boulevard—Khreshchatyk—filled to…

Deterrence, Fast and Slow

*Note: This essay was originally published on the Modern War Institute’s Commentary & Analysis site. Two centuries ago, Napoleon embodied warfare’s changing character. This conqueror of Europe took advantage of new ways of thinking about warfare and its organization to bend Europe to his will. Of course, it wasn’t just the French emperor driving these…